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What IS A Celt?
Actually the term “Keltoi” is of Greek origin, not Julius Caesar ( by Hecataeus of Miletus, in 517 BC ) but i still feel that this kind of “antiromanticism” is important.
Using the term “Celt” makes things easier but one should be aware of how flimsy a term it really is beyond the purely linguistic.
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Marcomanni
The Marcomanni were a Germanic tribe, probably related to the Buri, Suebi or Suevi.
Picture: http://www.germanmilitaryhistory.com/blog/524371-the-marcomannic-wars/
See this blog for armor details
Scholars believe their name derives possibly from Proto-Germanic forms of “march” (“frontier, border”) and “men”.
The Marcomanni settled in the Main River valley soon after 100 BC. To escape Roman aggression in 9 BC they migrated east to Bohemia, where their king Maroboduus established a powerful kingdom that Augustusperceived as a threat to Rome. Before he could act, however, the war in Illyria intervened. Eventually Maroboduus was deposed and exiled by Catualda (AD 19).
Tacitus, in the late 1st century mentions (Germania I.42) the Marcommani as being under kings appointed by Rome.
Picture: http://www.modelloursworkshop.com/2011_05_01_archive.html
The Marcomannic Wars (called by the Romans bellum Germanicum or expeditio Germanica) were a series of wars lasting over a dozen years from about AD 166 until 180. These wars pitted the Roman Empire against the Marcomanni, Quadiand other Germanic peoples, along both sides of the upper and middle Danube. The struggle against the Germanic invasions occupied the major part of the reign of Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius, and it was during his campaigns against them that he started writing his philosophical work Meditations, whose first book bears the note “Among the Quadi at the Granua”
In the 2nd century AD, the Marcomanni entered into a confederation with other peoples including the Quadi, Vandals, and Sarmatians, against the Roman Empire. This was probably driven by movements of larger tribes, like the Goths. According to the historian Eutropius, the forces of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius battled against the Marcomannic confederation for three years at the fortress of Carnuntum in Pannonia. Eutropius compared the war, and Marcus Aurelius’ success against the Marcomanni and their allies, to the Punic Wars. The comparison was apt in that this war marked a turning point and had significant Roman defeats; it caused the death of two Praetorian Guard commanders. The war began in 166, when the Marcomanni overwhelmed the defences between Vindobona and Carnuntum, penetrated along the border between the provinces of Pannonia and Noricum, laid waste to Flavia Solva, and could be stopped only shortly before reaching Aquileia on the Adriatic sea. The war lasted until Marcus Aurelius’ death in 180. It would prove to be only a limited success for Rome; theDanube river remained as the frontier of the Empire until the final fall of the West.
Picture: http://www.modelloursworkshop.com/2011_05_01_archive.html
The Christianisation of the Marcomanni occurred under their queen Fritigil (mid fourth century), who corresponded with Ambrose of Milan to bring about the conversion.
There is a runic alphabet called the Marcomannic runes, but they are not believed to be related to the Marcomannic people.
After crossing the Pyrenees in 409, a group of Marcomanni, Quadi and Buri, established themselves in the Roman province of Gallaecia (modern Galicia and northern Portugal), where they were considered foederati and founded the Suebi Kingdom of Gallaecia. There, Hermeric swore fealty to the Emperor in 410. Bracara Augusta, the modern city of Braga in Portugal, previously the capital of Roman Gallaecia, now became the capital of the Suebic kingdom.
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Eluveitie - Slanias Song
Eluveitie - Slanias Song Eluveitie use traditional instruments amidst guitars and loud vocals. The lyrics are often in the extinct language Gaulish. The name of the band comes from a graffito on a vessel from Mantua (ca. 300 BC). The inscription in Etruscan letters reads eluveitie, which has been interpreted as the Etruscan form of the Celtic (h)elvetios (“the Helvetian”), presumably referring to a man of Helvetian descent living in Mantua.
The Helvetii were a Celtic tribe or tribal confederation,occupying most of the Swiss plateau at the time of their contact with the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC. According to Julius Caesar, the Helvetians were divided into four subgroups or pagi. Of these Caesar only names the Verbigeni and the Tigurini, while Poseidonios mentions the Tigurini and the Toygenoi (Τωυγενοί). They feature prominently in the Commentaries on the Gallic War, with their failed migration attempt to southwestern Gaul (58 BC) serving as a catalyst for Caesar’s conquest of Gaul.
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![Area settled by the Alamanni, and sites of Roman-Alamannic battles, 3rd to 6th centuryAlemannic belt mountings, from a 7th century grave in the grave field atWeingarten.
The Alamanni, Allemanni, or Alemanni were originally an alliance of Germanic tribes located around the upper Rhine river (Germany). One of the earliest references to them is the cognomen Alamannicus assumed by Roman Emperor Caracalla, who ruled the Roman Empire from 211–217 and claimed thereby to be their conqueror. The nature of this alliance and their previous tribal affiliations remain uncertain. The alliance was aggressive in nature, attacking the Roman province of Germania Superior whenever it could[citation needed]. Generally its strategy with respect to the Empire was similar to that of the Franks.
From the 1st century, the Rhine had become the border between Roman Gaul and tribal Germania. Germanic peoples, Celts, and tribes of mixed Celto-Germanic ethnicity were settled in the lands along both banks. The Romans divided these territories into two districts, Germania Inferior and Germania Superior situated along the lower (north) and upper (south) Rhinerespectively.
Upper Germania included the region between the upper Rhine and the upper Danube, (the Black Forest region that was larger than today: see Hercynian Forest). The Romans called this the Agri Decumates, (i.e. “Decumates territories”), a name of unknown origin. Some scholars have translated the expression as “the ten cantons”, but whose cantons of what entity is not known.
The exterior Roman fortified border around the area of Germania Superior was called the Limes Germanicus. The assembled warbands of the Alamanni frequently crossed the limes, attacking Germania Superior and moving into the Agri Decumates. As a confederation, from the 5th century, they settled the Alsace and expanded into the Swiss Plateau, as well as parts of what are now Bavaria and Austria, reaching the valleys of the Alps by the 8th century.
According to Historia Augusta the confederates in the 3rd century were still simply called Germani. Proculus, an imperial usurper in 280, derived some of his popularity in Gaul by his battle successes against the Alamanni. The Alamanni, thereafter became the nation of Alamannia, that was sometimes independent, but more often was ruled by the Franks. The name of Germany and the German language, in French, Allemagne, allemand, in Portuguese Alemanha, alemão, in Spanish Alemania, alemán, and in Welsh (Yr) Almaen, almaeneg are derived from the name of this early Germanic nation. Persian and Arabic also designate Germans Almaani, and Germany asAlmaan in Persian and Almaania in Arabic. In Turkish, German is Alman and Germany is Almanya.
The region of the Alamanni was always somewhat sprawling and comprised a number of different districts, reflecting its mixed origins. In theEarly Middle Ages its territories were divided between the Diocese of Strassburg, which dates from about 614, the territory of Augusta Vindelicorum (Augsburg) from 736, the Moguntiacum (Mainz) archdiocese from 745, and of Basilia (Basel) from 805. Its distinctive laws were codified under Charlemagne as the Duchy of Alamannia in Swabia. Today the descendants of the Alamanni are divided between parts of four nations: France (Alsace), Germany (Swabia and parts of Bavaria), Switzerland and Austria, and the German spoken in those regions has distinctive regional dialects.](http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lj778gpikX1qer9b0o1_400.jpg)
Area settled by the Alamanni, and sites of Roman-Alamannic battles, 3rd to 6th century
Alemannic belt mountings, from a 7th century grave in the grave field atWeingarten.
The Alamanni, Allemanni, or Alemanni were originally an alliance of Germanic tribes located around the upper Rhine river (Germany). One of the earliest references to them is the cognomen Alamannicus assumed by Roman Emperor Caracalla, who ruled the Roman Empire from 211–217 and claimed thereby to be their conqueror. The nature of this alliance and their previous tribal affiliations remain uncertain. The alliance was aggressive in nature, attacking the Roman province of Germania Superior whenever it could[citation needed]. Generally its strategy with respect to the Empire was similar to that of the Franks.
From the 1st century, the Rhine had become the border between Roman Gaul and tribal Germania. Germanic peoples, Celts, and tribes of mixed Celto-Germanic ethnicity were settled in the lands along both banks. The Romans divided these territories into two districts, Germania Inferior and Germania Superior situated along the lower (north) and upper (south) Rhinerespectively.
Upper Germania included the region between the upper Rhine and the upper Danube, (the Black Forest region that was larger than today: see Hercynian Forest). The Romans called this the Agri Decumates, (i.e. “Decumates territories”), a name of unknown origin. Some scholars have translated the expression as “the ten cantons”, but whose cantons of what entity is not known.
The exterior Roman fortified border around the area of Germania Superior was called the Limes Germanicus. The assembled warbands of the Alamanni frequently crossed the limes, attacking Germania Superior and moving into the Agri Decumates. As a confederation, from the 5th century, they settled the Alsace and expanded into the Swiss Plateau, as well as parts of what are now Bavaria and Austria, reaching the valleys of the Alps by the 8th century.
According to Historia Augusta the confederates in the 3rd century were still simply called Germani. Proculus, an imperial usurper in 280, derived some of his popularity in Gaul by his battle successes against the Alamanni. The Alamanni, thereafter became the nation of Alamannia, that was sometimes independent, but more often was ruled by the Franks. The name of Germany and the German language, in French, Allemagne, allemand, in Portuguese Alemanha, alemão, in Spanish Alemania, alemán, and in Welsh (Yr) Almaen, almaeneg are derived from the name of this early Germanic nation. Persian and Arabic also designate Germans Almaani, and Germany asAlmaan in Persian and Almaania in Arabic. In Turkish, German is Alman and Germany is Almanya.
The region of the Alamanni was always somewhat sprawling and comprised a number of different districts, reflecting its mixed origins. In theEarly Middle Ages its territories were divided between the Diocese of Strassburg, which dates from about 614, the territory of Augusta Vindelicorum (Augsburg) from 736, the Moguntiacum (Mainz) archdiocese from 745, and of Basilia (Basel) from 805. Its distinctive laws were codified under Charlemagne as the Duchy of Alamannia in Swabia. Today the descendants of the Alamanni are divided between parts of four nations: France (Alsace), Germany (Swabia and parts of Bavaria), Switzerland and Austria, and the German spoken in those regions has distinctive regional dialects.
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Culture, heritage: Scotland Norse (Scandinavian) Historic Europe
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#History #Sicily #Rome #Greece #Punic Wars #Knowledge #Education #Archeology #Anthropology #Europe #Freemasonry #Masonry #Etymology #Linguistics #Vikings #Scandinavia #Moors #Muslims #Islam #Bomb #Bombing #Stockholm #Accuracy #Stockholm Bombing #Terror #Terrorist #Terrorism #Roman Empire #Roman Republic #Roman Monarchy
I get so fucking pissed off! If you´re going to challenge me on history , you better have your shit right, really right. I made this statement on twitter, half in jest, that if Scandinavia belonged to the vikings, shouldnt we give Sicily, Spain and Portugal back to the Moors. A guy claiming to have some degree in history jumps me and lectures me, saying that the Roman Empire had Sicily for thousands of years before the Moors???? First of all, my original statement belongs in the Early to High Middle Ages. The Roman Empire hadnt been around for hundreds of years (almost a thousand). Second, the Romans didnt get to Sicily until after the second Punic war and remained for about 600 years. The Greeks where there before them and it remained mainly Greek as far as culture went all through Roman occupation. Third, THOUSANDS OF YEARS??? The Roman Empire didnt even EXIST for thousands of years. Even if you put the Monarchy, Republic AND the Empire together you only get around a thousand years. This guy claims to have a BA in history, whatever the fuck that means. He also goes on challenging me on Freemasonry (good luck with that). Another guy wants me to prove that Jesus was NOT in Europe during the “missing years”??? Do i live in a world of retarded people?
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Role In The Fall Of Rome:
Some of the Germanic tribes are frequently credited in popular depictions of the decline of the Roman Empire in the late 5th century. Professional historians and archaeologists have since the 1950s shifted their interpretations in such a way that the Germanic peoples are no longer seen as invading a decaying empire but as being co-opted into helping defend territory the central government could no longer adequately administer. Individuals and small groups from Germanic tribes had long been recruited from the territories beyond the limes (i.e., the regions just outside the Roman Empire), and some of them had risen high in the command structure of the army. Then the Empire recruited entire tribal groups under their native leaders as officers. Assisting with defense eventually shifted into administration and then outright rule, as Roman government passed into the hands of Germanic leaders. Odoacer, who deposed Romulus Augustulus, is the ultimate example.
The presence of successor states controlled by a nobility from one of the Germanic tribes is evident in the 6th century - even in Italy, the former heart of the Empire, where Odoacer was followed by Theodoric the Great, king of the Ostrogoths, who was regarded by Roman citizens and Gothic settlers alike as legitimate successor to the rule of Rome and Italy.
